Ferrous metal ores

Iron ore. The following iron-containing minerals are widespread in the world  : hematite, magnetite, limonite, chamosite, thuringite and siderite.

Manganese ore.
The main manganese ores include: oxide, carbonate and oxide-carbonate manganese ores. However, the main industrial distribution is received by oxide manganese ores, which in turn are represented by such minerals as: pyrolusite, psilomelane, cryptomelane, manganese, hausamnite, braunite, etc. Let's consider the classification of world manganese deposits.

Metamorphic deposits are formed due to the change of sedimentary rocks in the bowels of the Earth under the influence of high temperatures and pressures, these are deposits such as Usinskoye in Western Siberia, deposits of the Atasuysky district in Central Kazakhstan). These deposits are represented by dense varieties of ores with a manganese content of no more than 10%.

Weathering deposits are represented by ancient and modern weathering crusts with secondary concentration of manganese in them. These are typical manganese deposits of India, Brazil, Ghana and South Africa). The ores in these deposits are oxidized, the so-called manganese hats, composed of pyrolusite, psilomelane and other hydroxides of manganese and iron. Also, huge deposits of manganese (and not only manganese) ores are found on the bottom of modern oceans. These are the so-called ferromanganese concretions.Vanadium.

Vanadium is one of the rarest representatives of ferrous metals, the key application of vanadium is its use in the production of grade cast iron and steel. Vanadium is also used as a component for alloying alloys, including for the aerospace industry. In nature, vanadium is found in titanium-magnetite ores. Vanadium-containing titanomagnetite ores contain different contents of titanium, vanadium and iron depending on the location and conditions of formation of these deposits. That is, the ores can be significantly titanium or significantly iron, however, despite this, the vanadium content in them significantly increases the "value" of the ore and the feasibility of developing the deposits. Countries with deposits of these ores: China, Russia, Canada, Norway, South Africa, USA, Finland and Brazil. Sandy types of deposits of these ores have been discovered in Australia and India. Vanadium is also found in other polymetallic ores, but in very small concentrations, although this usually does not prevent the extraction of vanadium as a secondary enrichment product. Chromium.

Numerous chromium compounds are known in nature . Only chromospinelide, lumochromite and chrompicotite are of industrial importance. The main chromium deposits include: early magmatic (deposits in South Africa), late magmatic (deposits in Russia and the CIS countries, Greece, Albania, former Yugoslavia and Turkey); and placer (former USSR, Cuba, Philippines, New Caledonia). The most valuable metallurgical chromium ores are those containing at least 40% Cr ₂ O ₃ , and the Cr:Fe ratio should be at least 2:5. In Russia, chromium is mined mainly in the Kempirsay massif (Urals).